When it starts up, init reads the /etc/inittab configuration file. While the system is running, it will re-read it, if sent the HUP signal; [1] this feature makes it unnecessary to boot the system to make changes to the init configuration take effect.
The /etc/inittab file is a bit complicated. We'll start with the simple case of configuring getty lines. Lines in /etc/inittab consist of four colon-delimited fields:
id:runlevels:action:process |
This identifies the line in the file. For getty lines, it specifies the terminal it runs on (the characters after /dev/tty in the device file name). For other lines, it doesn't matter (except for length restrictions), but it should be unique.
The run levels the line should be considered for. The run levels are given as single digits, without delimiters. (Run levels are described in the next section.)
What action should be taken by the line, e.g., respawn to run the command in the next field again, when it exits, or once to run it just once.
The command to run.
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty1 |
If you wanted to add terminals or dial-in modem lines to a system, you'd add more lines to /etc/inittab, one for each terminal or dial-in line. For more details, see the manual pages init, inittab, and getty.
If a command fails when it starts, and init is configured to restart it, it will use a lot of system resources: init starts it, it fails, init starts it, it fails, init starts it, it fails, and so on, ad infinitum. To prevent this, init will keep track of how often it restarts a command, and if the frequency grows to high, it will delay for five minutes before restarting again.
| [1] | Using the command kill -HUP 1 as root, for example |
| [2] | Different versions of getty are run differently. Consult your manual page, and make sure it is the correct manual page. |